Malleableizing and annealing oven.



PATENTED SEPT. 5, 1905.

W. L. OASADAY MALLBABLEIZING AND ANNEALING OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 20.1904.

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PATENTBD SEPT. 5, 1905.

W. L. OASADAY. MALLEABLEIZING AND ANNEALING OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 20.1904.

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No. 7%,723. PATENTED SEPT. 5, 1905.

W. L. GASADAY.

MALLEABLBIZING AND ANNEALING OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 20.1904.

4 8HEET8-BHEBT 3.

No. 798,723. PATENTED SEPT. 5, 1905. W. L. GASADAY.

MALLEABLBIZING AND ANNEALING OVEN.

APPLICATION rum) JUNE 20.1904.

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UNTTED STATES PATENT ()FFTGE.

\VILLIAH L. UASAIMY, OF SOUTII IIICNI), INDIANA.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented. Sept. 5, 1905.

Application filed June 2 1904. Serial No. 213.239.

To m7] whom it lit/by concern:

Be it known that I, \YILLIAM L. Gasman, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of South Bend, county of St. Joseph, and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Malleablciz ing and Annealing Ovens; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in malleablcizing and annealing ovens of that class adapted to receive the material to be treated therein, dispensing with the use of saggers, pots, or other receptacles of any kind other than the oven itself.

The object of the invention is to provide a construction adapted to facilitate the malleableizing or annealing of castings by packing the same, either with or without a cementing material, into the oven and conveying the heat around the oven and through all parts of the material, thus forming greater uniformity of the temperature for the mass as a whole and facilitating the operation, as well as providing a more perfect and uniform treatment of the casting.

The invention embraces many novel features; and it consists in the matters hereinafter described, and more fully pointed out and delined in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a malleablcizing or annealing oven embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2 2 of Fig. 6. Fig. 3 is a section taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. & IS a section taken on line H of Fig. Fig.

5 is a central transverse section. Fig. 6 is a section taken on line 6 6 of Fig. Fig. 7 is a section taken on line 7 T of Fig.

As shown in said drawings, said even is constructed with the floor w thereof at or below the surface X of the ground and is provided with a central longitudinal furnacechamber extending therethrough below the floor, having a continuous grate A therein extending from end to end of the oven, below which is the usual ash-pit and above which is the lire-box. Said oven comprises side walls 13 B and a rear and front end wall 1%" and 1% and an arched roof B, which closes the same.

Extending laterally from near the top of l the lire-box of the furnace to the side walls are the lines U, which communicate at their outer ends in a longitudinal line 0", from which upwardly-cxtcmling lines (1 in said side walls lead to the top of said walls and at their upper ends open inwardly of the oven through somewhat restricted oponings or passages c. As shown, a bridge-wall l) and I), respectively, extends transversely at the front and the rear ends of the oven parallel with and adjacent the end walls thereof, providing a down-flue between the same and said end walls. Said bridge-walls extend upwardly to a point below the passages r, opening near the top of the oven and indicate the limit to which the oven can conveniently be lillcd with the casting and cementing material.

Extending longitmlimilly of the even are fines I) I) and I) I), of which the line I) is positioned above the line I) and the flue I) above the flue I). The flues I) and l.)extend through the bridge-wall I) and the end wall B and communicate w ith down wardly-extending tlues 1/, which open into a longitudinal horizontal line 1/ beneath the laterally-directed tlues U and lead to the stack A. Said lower tlues I) and I) communicate with the down-llue between the bridgc-wall l) and rear end ll of the furnace and extend continuously through the bridge-wall l) and end wall B and connnunicate in down-lines at the end of said even adjacent the stack and which open into said longitudinal lines (1, opening into said stack.

Arranged alternately and extending inwardly from each of the side walls are a plurality of horizontal transverse llues E F], each of which extends to a point above the longitudinal line I) or I) adjacent the opposite wall and at their extremities are built upwardly to afford an npwardly-opening end c, which extends above the material packed in said oven.

Sliding dampers (1 and (7 are provided in each of the tlues 1) I)", I), and I) at the points where the same communicate with the down tlues leading to the stack, thereby enabling the draft through said llnes to be perfectly regulated, and vicw-apertnres are provided in the end walls in alinement with said lines at the ends opposite said dampers and also in alinement with transverse lines I) and E, which are adapted to be closed by means of inserted brick d" or other suitable means when the oven has becomethoroughly heated and the draft has been properly regulated.

The operation is as follows: The castings or other material to be annealed or malleableized are packed loosely in the oven with any suitable cementing material, and as the work of filling the oven progresses the fines D and D and later the fines D and D and the lateral fines E and E are built in place, supported upon and em bedded in the material to be treated, and are constructed of lire-bricks, tile, or any suitable material. The oven may be entirely filled to a height. corresponding approximately with that of the end bridge-walls, after which a layer of clay, sand, or any suitable or preferred material may be spread over the mass, and the oven is then closed. The oven is fired from one or both ends in the usual manner. The hot air from the furnace passing inwardly and upwardly through the fines O, enters the flue 0 and is distributed equally to the fines 0, from which a part enters the top of the oven through the restricted passages 0 and is drawn downwardly between the end walls and bridge-walls and flowsoppositely through the contents of the oven, th rough the fines D D D' D and then through the fines (Z and (Z to the longitudinal fine CZ, leading to the stack A. Owing to the restriction of the outlet at the upper end of the fines c, a large portion of the heat is directed into the oven through the fines E and E, which are supported on and bedded in the mass contained in the oven. The heat is thus conveyed to all parts of and through the mass by means of said longitudinal fines D to D", inclusive, and the transverse fines E E and the upwardly-extended ends 6 also bedded in said material. It follows that all parts of the mass respective to the size of the oven or the castings is uniformly and much more efiiciently heated than has heretofore been possible, enabling the temperature of the material to be treated to be raised to the required point much more quickly and to be maintained more uniformly than heretofore. After the desired temperature has been attained, as can be determined by inspection through the viewapertures,the dampers previously used merely for regulating purposes are closed, as shown in Fig. 3, and the view-apertures sealed up to retain the heat in said oven, and the oven is allowed to stand for the required length of time to complete the process, after which it is opened and cooled and the castings removed.

Obviously by the construction described castings of any desired size may be malleableized as readily as has heretofore been possible with smaller castings, and much greater quantity of castings may be treated in an oven of a given size than would be the case were saggers employed.

Obviously any number or size of transverse or longitudinal fines may be provided through the material, and the same may be arranged at any desired distance apart to divide the interior of the oven into relatively small sections, about which the heat is conducted, and any desired arrangement of fines may-be provided to afford means for conveying heat to all parts of and through the material treated, and many details of construction may be varied without departing from the principles of this invention.

I claim as my in vention- 1. An annealing-oven adapted to be filled with a mass of castings to be annealed, conducting-fines extending upwardly through the side walls and openinginto the oven near the top thereof and horizontal fines communicating therewith and opening upwardly through the mass of castings.

2. In an annealing and malleableizing oven, horizontal fines passing through the oven above the floor and supported on the material to be treated and open, upwardly-directed ends on some of said fines opening above said material.

3. An annealing-oven comprising side and end walls, heat-fines in the side walls, bridgewalls adjacent the end walls and affording fines between the same and affording an inner bed into which the material to be treated is packed, longitudinal and transverse heat-fines extending therethrough and bedded in said material and adapted to convey heat through all parts of the same and means regulating the draft through said fines.

4:. An annealing-oven comprising hollow end and side walls adapted to convey heat therethrough and affording an inner closed chamber, all the walls of which are adapted to be heated and into which the material to be treated is packed, fines communicating with corresponding fines in the side walls and bedded in said material and having upwardly-directed ends extending above the same and longitudinal fines bedded in said material and communicating at one or both ends of the oven with a fine leading to the stack.

5. An annealing-oven comprising hollow walls, means for conveying heat therethrough, fines connected in the end walls and adapted to convey heat through the material to be treated and fines arranged at an angle therewith and projecting into the oven.

6. An annealing-oven adapted to be filled with the material to be treated packed therein without saggers and comprising a source of heat, end and side walls having fines therein communicating with the source of heat and heat-conveying fines supported in and extend ing through the material when the oven is filled and acting together with the heated end and side walls of the oven to heat said material uniformly, and fines beneath the fioor of the oven, communicating with the aforesaid fines and leading to the stack.

7 An annealing-oven comprising a source of heat, hollow end and side walls adapted to convey heat therethrough, fines commnnicating in said hollow walls and projecting into the oven and dividing the interior of the oven into relatively small sections into which and around the tlues material to be treated is packed without saggers and means tor regulating the draft through said tlues.

S. An annealingoveu COlllpl'lSlllQ a longitudinal lire-box, side and end walls above said box, llues leading from said lire-box upwardly to the side walls and provided with restricted openings adjacent the top of the oven, transverse tlncs leading therefrom below said openings, upwardlv-directed inner ends thereon, longitudinal lines below said transverse tlues and brick walls adjacent said end walls.

9. An annealing-oven comprising bottom, side and end walls adapted to convey heat theretl'u'ough, a plurality of longitudinal tlues opening into said end walls, transverse lines above the same extending from one side wall into close proximit with the opposite side wall, means for applving hiat to said even and means for regulating the d rat't through said lines.

10. An annealing-tiu'nace provided with an oven, a plurality of vertical 'tlucs at each end of the oven and removable l'lucs disposed horizontally across the oven, embedded in the material to be treated and connnunicating at each end with the vertical tlues at the ends of the oven.

11. A malleableizing and annealing oven comprising a source of heat, an inclosed oven 5 adapted to receive the material to he treated packed therein, tlucs in the walls of said oven extending partly around the same both laterally and longitinlinallv and ccntrallv-disposed longitudinal tlues extending through the material to be treated.

12. A malleablcizing and annealing oven comprising a source of heat, an inclosed oven adapted to receive the material to be treated i packed therein, tines extending partly around said even both laterally and longitudinalb i and centrall,\-'-disposed longitudinal tlucs ex- 1 tending through the material to be treated, a j

stack into which said flues open and dampers adapted to regulate the draft in each of the llucs opening to the stack.

13. In a malleableixing and annealing oven in which the castings to be treated are packed without pots, a line built therein and supported upon and passingthrough the material to be treated, a stack with which said flue communicates and a damper adapted to control the draft through said 'tlue.

ll. In a metal-treating oven into which the articles to be treated are packed together with packing material and withoutsaggcrs,a plurality of lines built therein and supported upon and passing th rough the material to be treated, a stack with which said tlues communicate, means for inspecting the oven and fines and a damper for each tlue acting to regulate the draft theretlu'ongh.

A Inalleableizing and annealingfurnace having an open lloor adapted to receive loosely, the castings to be treated together with cementing material, tlues adapted to be supported in part upon the material to be treated and extending therethrough and adapted to ditluse heat through the mass to be treated and means regulating the draft to said flues.

16. In a device of the class described the combination with an oven adapted to receive castings therein, ol' longitudinal lines in said oven, part of which are built up on said castings, transverse tlues beneath the oven, upwardly-opening lines in the side wall, a stack and tines leading from said longitiulinal tlues to said stack.

In testimony whereof l have hereunto subscribed m v name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

\VILLIAM L. (JASADAY.

\Yitnesses:

AnoLrn S. (:Hxz, R. E. Rreuxnons. 

